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Add change explanation: claude-tty-fix-hardening
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Interactive walkthrough of commit b57a130 (precmd mouse-heal, always-on
--debug-file logging, on-demand MCP launchers) with a suspend-vs-exit cleanup
simulator and a debiased quiz. Regenerates the explanations index.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01LZ15AWWYN8xGKdwXKn7foM
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<title>Hardening claude-tty-fix.zsh — precmd heal, debug logging, on-demand MCP</title>
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<div class="wrap">
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<span class="pill">change explanation</span>
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<h1>Hardening <code>claude-tty-fix.zsh</code>: a precmd heal, always-on debug logging, and on-demand MCP</h1>
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<p class="lede">Commit <code>b57a130</code> — the shell-side survivors of a three-bug hunt into why
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<code>claude</code> kept “crashing” and spewing mouse-command garbage in the terminal.</p>
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<div class="toc">
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<strong>Contents</strong>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#background">Background — the wrapper and the bug it already fixed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#intuition">Intuition — why the old fix had a blind spot</a></li>
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<li><a href="#code">Code — the four things this diff adds</a></li>
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<li><a href="#quiz">Quiz — check your understanding</a></li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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<!-- ============================================================ -->
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<h2 id="background">1 · Background</h2>
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<p><strong>What this file is.</strong> <code>claude-tty-fix.zsh</code> is a small zsh file symlinked into
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Oh-My-Zsh’s <code>custom/</code> directory, so every interactive shell auto-loads it. It defines a
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<code>claude()</code> shell function that <em>wraps</em> the real <code>claude</code> binary to work around a
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known Claude Code terminal bug.</p>
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<p><strong>The bug it already fixed.</strong> When you launch <code>claude</code> and start typing during its
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~1–5 second startup, the process can be hit by <code class="mono-sm">SIGTTIN</code> — the
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“<code>suspended (tty input)</code>” job-control stop that happens when a process reads the terminal while it
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isn’t the terminal’s foreground process group. Claude enables <em>mouse tracking</em>
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(<code>\e[?1003h</code>) at startup; if it freezes mid-init, that mode is never turned off, so the terminal
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starts echoing every mouse move as an escape sequence:</p>
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<p class="garble">35;48;12M35;47;12M35;43;13M35;39;14M35;35;15M 997;1n</p>
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<p><strong>How the pre-existing <code>claude()</code> handled it</strong> — two levers:</p>
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<div class="flow">
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<div class="box accent"><div class="t">setopt nomonitor</div><div class="s">job control off → claude shares the shell’s <em>foreground</em> group → can’t take SIGTTIN</div></div>
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<div class="arrow">+</div>
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<div class="box accent"><div class="t">on-exit reset</div><div class="s">after claude returns, write mouse/cursor-reset escapes to <code>/dev/tty</code></div></div>
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</div>
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<p>That combination is real and it works — but only for the failure modes where <code>claude</code>
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eventually <em>returns</em> to the function. That gap is what this change closes.</p>
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<!-- ============================================================ -->
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<h2 id="intuition">2 · Intuition</h2>
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<h3>The blind spot: the reset runs <em>after</em> claude returns</h3>
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<p>The heal code sits on the line <em>after</em> <code>command claude</code>. A shell function is a straight
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line of execution — it cannot reach that line until <code>command claude</code> finishes. And there’s the
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catch: a process that is <strong>suspended</strong> (stopped by SIGTTIN) has <em>not</em> finished. It’s
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frozen, still alive. So the function stays blocked, the reset never fires, and the garble stays on screen at
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your next prompt.</p>
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<div class="flow">
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<div class="box good"><div class="t">claude EXITS</div><div class="s">command returns → next line runs → reset fires → clean ✔</div></div>
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<div class="box bad"><div class="t">claude SUSPENDS</div><div class="s">command never returns → reset line unreachable → garble persists ✘</div></div>
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</div>
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<h3>The fix: heal on every prompt, not on exit</h3>
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<p>zsh runs a <code>precmd</code> hook right before it draws each prompt. If we disable mouse tracking there,
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the garble is cleared on your <em>next</em> <kbd>Enter</kbd> — no matter how the previous <code>claude</code>
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died, suspended or not. It’s a safety net stretched under the whole thing, independent of the function’s
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control flow.</p>
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<div class="flow">
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<div class="box">any claude death<br><span class="s">exit · suspend · kill</span></div>
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<div class="arrow">→</div>
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<div class="box">you press <kbd>Enter</kbd></div>
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<div class="arrow">→</div>
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<div class="box accent"><div class="t">precmd fires</div><div class="s">mouse-disable → <code>/dev/tty</code></div></div>
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<div class="arrow">→</div>
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<div class="box good"><div class="t">clean prompt</div><div class="s">no more garble</div></div>
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</div>
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<h3 id="sim-anchor">Play with it: how did claude end?</h3>
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<p>Pick an ending and watch which cleanup path fires. Notice that only the <code>precmd</code> heal survives
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the suspend case.</p>
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<div class="sim" id="sim">
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<h4>Terminal cleanup simulator</h4>
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<div class="btnrow" id="simBtns">
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<button data-k="exit">claude exits cleanly</button>
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<button data-k="suspend">claude SIGTTIN-suspends</button>
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<button data-k="kill">killed while suspended</button>
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</div>
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<div class="steps" id="simSteps"></div>
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<div class="verdict" id="simVerdict" style="display:none"></div>
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</div>
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<h3>Two more riders in the same commit</h3>
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<p><strong>Always-on debug logging.</strong> The wrapper now passes <code>--debug-file</code> so every launch
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writes a timestamped trace to <code>~/.claude/logs/</code> (auto-pruned to the last 20). This is what let the
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investigation catch a failure <em>faithfully</em> — in the real shell, under the same <code>nomonitor</code>,
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rather than through a <code>script</code> surrogate whose pseudo-terminal removes job control and hides the
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very SIGTTIN we were chasing.</p>
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<p><strong>On-demand MCP servers.</strong> Only ~9 broadly-useful MCP servers stay in the always-on global
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config; the niche ones (RAG, travel, sports, media) moved into <code>~/.claude/mcp-optional/*.json</code> and
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load only when you ask, via <code>--mcp-config</code> (which <em>merges</em> them into that one session):</p>
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<div class="flow">
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<div class="box good"><div class="t">global core (~9)</div><div class="s">dart · reflex · vestige · projectmem · i3wm · toolport · yay · servo-fetch · duckduckgo</div></div>
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<div class="arrow">+</div>
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<div class="box"><div class="t">claude-rag</div><div class="s">--mcp-config rag.json</div></div>
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<div class="box"><div class="t">claude-travel</div><div class="s">travel.json</div></div>
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<div class="box"><div class="t">claude-extras</div><div class="s">*.json (all)</div></div>
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</div>
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<!-- ============================================================ -->
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<h2 id="code">3 · Code</h2>
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<h3>a. The precmd heal — a net under the whole function</h3>
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<pre><code>_claude_mouse_heal() {
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[[ -t 2 ]] || return # only heal a real terminal
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printf '\e[?1000l\e[?1002l\e[?1003l\e[?1006l\e[?25h' > /dev/tty 2>/dev/null
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}
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autoload -Uz add-zsh-hook 2>/dev/null && add-zsh-hook precmd _claude_mouse_heal</code></pre>
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<p>It emits <em>only</em> mouse-disable and show-cursor escapes — deliberately <strong>not</strong> bracketed-paste
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(<code>?2004l</code>), which zsh itself relies on, so it can’t disturb normal pasting. These sequences are
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invisible no-ops when mouse mode is already off, so running them before every prompt costs nothing.</p>
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<h3>b. Always-on <code>--debug-file</code> with self-pruning logs</h3>
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<pre><code>local _dbg=""
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if [[ -z "${CLAUDE_DEBUG_LOG_OFF:-}" ]]; then
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mkdir -p ~/.claude/logs 2>/dev/null
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_dbg=~/.claude/logs/claude-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)-$$.log
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for f in ~/.claude/logs/claude-*.log(NOm[21,-1]); do rm -f -- "$f"; done
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fi
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[[ -n "$_dbg" ]] && command claude --debug-file "$_dbg" "$@" || command claude "$@"</code></pre>
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<p>The pruning is a single zsh glob qualifier: <code>(NOm[21,-1])</code> means <em>N</em>ullglob,
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<em>O</em>rder descending by <em>m</em>time (newest first), then take elements <code>[21,-1]</code> — i.e.
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everything past the 20 newest — and delete them. No <code>ls | tail</code> pipeline, no subprocess.
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A subtle correctness note: the timestamp uses <code>date</code>, because zsh’s <code>printf</code> has no
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<code>%(...)T</code> strftime directive (that’s a bash-only feature — the first draft mis-used it).</p>
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<h3>c. On-demand launchers that still inherit the fix</h3>
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<pre><code>claude-rag() { claude --mcp-config ~/.claude/mcp-optional/rag.json "$@"; }
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claude-travel() { claude --mcp-config ~/.claude/mcp-optional/travel.json "$@"; }
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claude-extras() { claude --mcp-config ~/.claude/mcp-optional/*.json "$@"; }</code></pre>
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<p>Each calls <code>claude</code> — the <em>function</em>, not <code>command claude</code> — so an on-demand
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session still gets <code>nomonitor</code> and the self-heal. They simply prepend a <code>--mcp-config</code>
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file that merges the niche servers back in for that session only.</p>
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<h3>d. <code>claude-debug</code> — the A/B probe that cracked it</h3>
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<pre><code>claude-debug() {
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local dbg=~/.claude/logs/claude-RAW-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)-$$.log
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command claude --debug-file "$dbg" "$@" # RAW: bypasses the nomonitor wrapper
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}</code></pre>
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<p>This runs the <em>raw</em> binary (no <code>nomonitor</code>) so you can compare: does the failure need the
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wrapper, or happen on the bare binary too? Running it and watching it <code>suspended (tty input)</code> —
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while the wrapped <code>claude</code> did not — is what proved <code>nomonitor</code> was doing its job.
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The comment also records a hard-won lesson: don’t wrap this in <code>script</code>, whose pty strips the job
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control the bug depends on.</p>
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<!-- ============================================================ -->
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<h2 id="quiz">4 · Quiz</h2>
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<p class="lede">Five questions on the <em>reasoning</em> behind the change. Click to reveal.</p>
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<div id="quiz"></div>
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<div class="score" id="score">0 / 0</div>
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<div class="foot">
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Generated as an <code>/explain-diff</code> walkthrough of commit <code>b57a130</code> ·
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<code>linux_configuration/zsh/claude-tty-fix.zsh</code>. Full root-cause writeup lives in the session memory
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notes (<code>reference-claude-startup-tty</code>).
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||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
// ---- theme: respect a data-theme override if a host sets one ----
|
||||
(function(){ /* no-op: CSS handles prefers-color-scheme + [data-theme] */ })();
|
||||
|
||||
// ---------------- micro-world: cleanup simulator ----------------
|
||||
const SCEN = {
|
||||
exit: {
|
||||
label: "claude exits cleanly",
|
||||
steps: [
|
||||
["ok","command claude returns (rc set)"],
|
||||
["ok","next line runs → on-exit reset writes to /dev/tty"],
|
||||
["ok","mouse tracking disabled by the on-exit reset"],
|
||||
["mut","precmd heal also runs next prompt (redundant, harmless)"]
|
||||
],
|
||||
verdict:["ok","Clean either way — the original on-exit reset already covered this case."]
|
||||
},
|
||||
suspend: {
|
||||
label: "claude SIGTTIN-suspends",
|
||||
steps: [
|
||||
["bad","command claude is STOPPED — it never returns"],
|
||||
["bad","function is blocked; the on-exit reset line is unreachable"],
|
||||
["bad","mouse tracking left ON → terminal spews 35;48;12M…"],
|
||||
["ok","you hit Enter → precmd heal fires → mouse mode disabled"]
|
||||
],
|
||||
verdict:["ok","This is the case the old fix missed. Only the precmd heal rescues it."]
|
||||
},
|
||||
kill: {
|
||||
label: "killed while suspended",
|
||||
steps: [
|
||||
["bad","process was stopped, then killed — function may return late or not cleanly"],
|
||||
["bad","if it never returned, the on-exit reset never ran"],
|
||||
["bad","mouse mode potentially still ON at the prompt"],
|
||||
["ok","precmd heal on the next prompt clears it regardless"]
|
||||
],
|
||||
verdict:["ok","However it died, the next-prompt heal is the reliable backstop."]
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
const simSteps=document.getElementById('simSteps');
|
||||
const simVerdict=document.getElementById('simVerdict');
|
||||
function renderSim(k){
|
||||
const s=SCEN[k];
|
||||
[...document.querySelectorAll('#simBtns button')].forEach(b=>b.classList.toggle('sel',b.dataset.k===k));
|
||||
simSteps.innerHTML=s.steps.map(([kind,txt])=>{
|
||||
const sym=kind==='ok'?'✓':kind==='bad'?'✕':'•';
|
||||
return `<div class="step"><span class="dot ${kind}">${sym}</span><span>${txt}</span></div>`;
|
||||
}).join('');
|
||||
simVerdict.style.display='block';
|
||||
simVerdict.className='verdict '+s.verdict[0];
|
||||
simVerdict.textContent=s.verdict[1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
document.querySelectorAll('#simBtns button').forEach(b=>b.addEventListener('click',()=>renderSim(b.dataset.k)));
|
||||
renderSim('suspend');
|
||||
|
||||
// ---------------- quiz ----------------
|
||||
// correct indices span positions 1,2,3 (0-based:1,3,0,2,1); longest-is-correct == 0 by design.
|
||||
const QUIZ=[
|
||||
{
|
||||
q:"1. Why can't <code>claude()</code>'s on-exit reset clear the garble during a SIGTTIN suspend?",
|
||||
o:[
|
||||
"The reset goes to stdout, and a suspended job's stdout is detached from the terminal",
|
||||
"claude() is stuck inside <code>command claude</code>, which never returns while claude is stopped",
|
||||
"<code>setopt nomonitor</code> also disables the shell trap that would run the reset code",
|
||||
"The terminal drops escape sequences that arrive while a background job is suspended"
|
||||
],
|
||||
a:1,
|
||||
r:"A stopped process hasn't exited, so the line after <code>command claude</code> is never reached."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
q:"2. What does the <code>_claude_mouse_heal</code> precmd hook actually do?",
|
||||
o:[
|
||||
"It re-enables mouse tracking each prompt so Claude's next launch starts from a known clean state",
|
||||
"It kills any suspended claude job so the terminal is handed back to the shell",
|
||||
"It runs Claude inside a pseudo-terminal so that SIGTTIN can never reach it",
|
||||
"It writes mouse-disable escapes to /dev/tty before each prompt, clearing leftover garble"
|
||||
],
|
||||
a:3,
|
||||
r:"It's a safety net that fires on the next prompt no matter how the previous claude died."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
q:"3. Why capture failures with <code>--debug-file</code> instead of the <code>script</code> command?",
|
||||
o:[
|
||||
"<code>script</code> gives Claude a fresh pty with no zsh job control, hiding the SIGTTIN suspend",
|
||||
"<code>script</code> cannot capture the output of an interactive full-screen terminal application at all",
|
||||
"<code>--debug-file</code> is the only way to record which MCP servers connected at startup",
|
||||
"<code>script</code> writes binary typescripts that grep can't search afterward"
|
||||
],
|
||||
a:0,
|
||||
r:"script's pseudo-terminal removes the job control the bug depends on, so it stops reproducing."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
q:"4. With logging on every launch, what keeps <code>~/.claude/logs</code> from growing forever?",
|
||||
o:[
|
||||
"Each launch overwrites one fixed-name log file that is shared across all sessions",
|
||||
"The logs live on a tmpfs that the operating system clears on every reboot",
|
||||
"A zsh glob qualifier removes all but the 20 newest <code>claude-*.log</code> files at launch",
|
||||
"A cron job prunes the directory nightly down to the twenty most recent files"
|
||||
],
|
||||
a:2,
|
||||
r:"<code>(NOm[21,-1])</code> orders files by mtime (newest first) and deletes from the 21st onward."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
q:"5. Why does <code>claude-rag</code> call <code>claude</code> rather than <code>command claude</code>?",
|
||||
o:[
|
||||
"Because the <code>--mcp-config</code> flag only works when it is invoked through a function wrapper",
|
||||
"So the on-demand session still gets the nomonitor TTY fix and self-heal from claude()",
|
||||
"Because <code>command claude</code> is unable to accept the <code>--mcp-config</code> flag",
|
||||
"So the extra MCP servers replace the global fleet instead of merging with it"
|
||||
],
|
||||
a:1,
|
||||
r:"Calling the function means on-demand sessions inherit the same TTY protection as normal ones."
|
||||
}
|
||||
];
|
||||
let answered=0, correct=0;
|
||||
const quizEl=document.getElementById('quiz'), scoreEl=document.getElementById('score');
|
||||
QUIZ.forEach((item,qi)=>{
|
||||
const d=document.createElement('div'); d.className='q';
|
||||
d.innerHTML=`<div class="qt">${item.q}</div>`;
|
||||
const rat=document.createElement('div'); rat.className='rat'; rat.innerHTML='<strong>Why:</strong> '+item.r;
|
||||
let done=false;
|
||||
item.o.forEach((txt,oi)=>{
|
||||
const b=document.createElement('button'); b.className='opt'; b.innerHTML=txt;
|
||||
b.addEventListener('click',()=>{
|
||||
if(done) return; done=true; answered++;
|
||||
const right=oi===item.a;
|
||||
if(right){correct++; b.classList.add('correct');}
|
||||
else{
|
||||
b.classList.add('wrong');
|
||||
d.querySelectorAll('.opt')[item.a].classList.add('correct');
|
||||
}
|
||||
rat.classList.add('show');
|
||||
scoreEl.textContent=correct+' / '+answered;
|
||||
});
|
||||
d.appendChild(b);
|
||||
});
|
||||
d.appendChild(rat); quizEl.appendChild(d);
|
||||
});
|
||||
scoreEl.textContent='0 / 0';
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
||||
<title>testsAndMisc — change explanations</title>
|
||||
<title>explanations — change explanations</title>
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
:root{--bg:#fbfbfd;--fg:#1a1a1f;--muted:#5b5b6b;--card:#fff;--line:#e4e4ec;
|
||||
--accent:#6b4fd6;--accent-soft:#efeaff;--shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.08),0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.05);}
|
||||
@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="wrap">
|
||||
<div class="kicker">testsAndMisc</div>
|
||||
<div class="kicker">explanations</div>
|
||||
<h1>Change explanations</h1>
|
||||
<p class="lead">10 explanations · interactive walkthroughs of notable changes, newest first.</p>
|
||||
<p class="lead">11 explanations · interactive walkthroughs of notable changes, newest first.</p>
|
||||
<div class="grid">
|
||||
<a class="card" href="2026-07-18-explanation-night-lockdown-wake-fixes.html">
|
||||
<span class="date">2026-07-18</span>
|
||||
@ -40,6 +40,10 @@
|
||||
<span class="date">2026-07-18</span>
|
||||
<span class="title">Surviving early keystrokes — the claude() tty-fix wrapper</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
<a class="card" href="2026-07-18-explanation-claude-tty-fix-hardening.html">
|
||||
<span class="date">2026-07-18</span>
|
||||
<span class="title">Hardening claude-tty-fix.zsh — precmd heal, debug logging, on-demand MCP</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
<a class="card" href="2026-07-17-explanation-night-lockdown.html">
|
||||
<span class="date">2026-07-17</span>
|
||||
<span class="title">Night lockdown: keeping the servers up through the curfew</span>
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user